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Ordinarily Available Provision

Introduction

This document explains the special educational provision Lewisham expects to be made available to all children within Early Years settings or delivering the Early Years Foundation stage framework (EYFS) through a graduated response of support and intervention. Early years foundation stage (EYFS) statutory framework - GOV.UK

This guidance will assist providers in developing a consistent approach in their provision for children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) and Disabilities and support providers to enable all children to access their early education entitlements. It will also help parents and carers to understand the support that their child will receive during their early years in an educational setting – Childminder, Nursery or School.

The Local Offer

All Local Authorities must publish a Local Offer; this is a central source of information and resources available for all children, young people and their families with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) in Lewisham.

Lewisham Council - Lewisham SEND Local Offer

Lewisham Family Hubs

Family Hubs will offer the right help, in the right place, at the right time by offering services and support for all families with children aged 0 – 19 (or 25 with SEND) and extra support is available for families during pregnancy and in baby’s first years. The Hubs provide access to professionals such as family navigators, early years practitioners, health visitors, midwives and a variety of other services such as advice on benefits or employment. The Hub@Lewisham - HOME

Identifying SEN

All early years providers are required to have arrangements in place to identify and support children with SEN or disabilities and to promote equality of opportunity for children in their care. These requirements are set out in the EYFS framework. In addition to formal checks, practitioners should use their own observations, specialist advice and any other assessments available (including those written externally to the setting) to determine progress and individual development.

Early years providers should regularly review and evaluate the quality and breadth of the support they offer or can access for children with SEN or disabilities, as it is important that there is no delay in making provision for a child’s special educational need.

When a child appears not to be making progress either generally or in a specific aspect of learning, then it may be necessary to present them with different opportunities or use alternative approaches to learning.

‘A delay in learning and development in the early years may or may not indicate that a child has SEN, that is, that they have a learning difficulty or disability that calls for special educational provision. Equally, difficult or withdrawn behaviour does not necessarily mean that a child has SEN. However, where there are concerns, there should be an assessment to determine whether there are any causal factors such as an underlying learning or communication difficulty. If it is thought housing, family or other domestic circumstances may be contributing to the presenting behaviour, a multi-agency approach, supported by the use of approaches such as the Early Help Assessment, should be adopted.’  SEN and Disability Code of Practice 0-25, 2015.

All children learn and develop at different rates and have areas of strength and interest and areas for development. A child may have a special educational need if, despite appropriate activities and differentiated planning and support, they continue to experience a greater difficulty than their peers in learning and developing skills.

Early Years practitioners 'should adopt a graduated response so as to be able to provide specific help to individual young children' (SEN and Disabilities Code of Practice 2015) SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

A child has identifiable SEN if their needs require the provider to put in support that is additional or different to what is available to all children in the setting. It is important to distinguish between children with SEN and children who are underachieving but who can and will catch up with the right support in place.

The Equality Act, 2010 sets out the legal obligations that Early Years providers and schools have towards disabled children, and includes:

  • They must not directly discriminate against disabled children
  • They must make reasonable adjustments to ensure that disabled children are not disadvantaged in comparison to their peers. This duty is anticipatory, requiring settings and schools to think in advance about the adjustments they need to make.

What do we mean by ‘Ordinarily Available Provision’? (OAP)

The term ‘ordinarily available provision’ refers to the range of activities, experiences and strategies offered as inclusive good practice for children with special education needs/disability in line with the SEN Code of Practice and the EYFS.

In Lewisham we expect all children from 0-5 to be provided with high-quality provision - ‘ordinarily available provision’ (OAP).

Ordinarily Available Provision should be delivered within the usual funding resource the provider receives from the Local Authority.  Some providers will need to make adaptations to their current practice if they are to meet the expectations of Ordinarily Available Provision.

There are two sections to the document:

  1. Ordinarily Available Provision expectations in Lewisham settings.
  2. Ordinarily Available Provision Support for children in Lewisham settings.

Section 1.

OAP Expectations of all Lewisham early years settings (includes schools, private, voluntary and independent nurseries (PVIs)  and childminders)

Using the Early Years Foundation Stage’s Principles below, the following information aims to support Early Years Providers meet the needs of children with special educational needs and disabilities. 

Four guiding principles should shape practice in early years. These are:

  • Every child is a unique child, who is constantly learning and can be resilient, capable, confident, and self-assured.
  • Children learn to be strong and independent through positive relationships.
  • Children learn and develop well in enabling environments with teaching and support from adults, who respond to their individual interests and needs and help them to build their learning over time. Children benefit from a strong partnership between practitioners and parents and/or carers.
  • Importance of learning and development. Children develop and learn at different rates.

Unique child

Unique child

What’s expected as part of Ordinarily Available Provision Useful links to find out more or access resources on this area

Red/amber/green
Where are you as a setting?

Provide opportunities for parents/carers to share information about their child before they start at the setting e.g., home visits, parent meeting, parent and child visits, stay and play sessions.

Find out about the child’s family, home life, culture and beliefs, languages used and understood.

Find out about the child’s needs, interests, motivators – noticing what they are doing and what they enjoy doing.

Find out if more individual support needed for them to access the environment/provision e.g., ear defenders, chewellery, wobble cushions, fidget toys. Find out about how and when hearing aids and glasses should be worn and how and when specialist equipment is needed.

Participate in transition support from previous setting e.g., specialist stay and play, portage or on to next setting.

Review transition passport and use to support planning for offer and support in setting.

Provide opportunities for parents and carers to share information, feedback and thoughts and concerns once the child has started at the setting e.g., Settling-in meetings, parents meeting, coffee mornings, stay and plays for parents.

Ensure a gradual and gentle settling-in process, that allows for a child’s individual needs (such as whether they have separated from parents previously).

Review the learning environment, looking at the lighting, access and layout to enable any adaptations for physical and sensory (visual/hearing) needs.

Gather any existing professional reports parents have in relation to their child (e.g. Speech & Language Therapy, Educational Psychology, Audiology, Paediatric assessment and review, etc.) and plan for any recommended support.

Begin Graduated Approach - Assess, Plan, Do, Review consistent with the SEND Code of Practice 2015.

Host Team Around the Child (TAC) meetings and establish clear communication where several professionals are involved with the child.

Ensure SEN support planning includes the voice of child and parents. Planning builds on what the child can do. A strength-based approach, incorporating children’s special interests and promoting their independence.

Prepare for significant transitions – ensure information is shared, child is at the centre and parents are involved.

Where children have hearing aids in place, the appropriate aid management and support are carried out - encouraging wearing, checking aids, soft furnishings in the room, avoiding playing background music, using additional visual cues to support understanding.

Podcast: Creating Welcomes and Inclusion in Early Years Settings | Nasen

Understanding the wider world of the child and family | Nasen

'Team around the child and family' working together to support the child | Nasen

Early identification of children's needs | Nasen

A Graduated Approach | Nasen

The four broad areas of need | Nasen

Early Years Transition Webcasts: The importance of a child-centred approach | Nasen

Early Years Transition Webcast: Discussing individual needs with the SENCO | Nasen

Understanding and supporting transitions | Nasen

Meeting the Needs of Every Child | Nasen

Help for early years providers : SEND assessment guidance and resources (education.gov.uk)

Lewisham Early Years - Transition to Primary School

Positive relationships

Positive relationships

What’s expected as part of Ordinarily Available Provision Useful links to find out more or access resources on this area

Red/amber/green
Where are you as a setting?

Key person

Staff understand the importance of the Key Person as a child’s primary attachment figure for their time in nursery. Changes in Key Person should be thoughtfully managed and avoided where possible, (unless it is in the best interest of the child).

Staff understand the importance of high-quality interactions and know how to share attention, respond, engage, expand and connect with children.

Routines are supportive and allow time and space for high-quality interactions.

Each child has a named Key Person and every parent knows who their child’s key person is. The key person ensures their key child’s learning and care is tailored to meet their individual needs. 

Staff understand their role as key person and what that may involve as a key person for a child with SEND.

EEF blog: Supporting high-quality interactions in early years | EEF (education endowment foundation)

Froebel Trust | Research highlights

High quality interactions in the Early Years - The ShREC approach - YouTube

Interactions - Help for early years providers - GOV.UK (education.gov.uk)

Help for early years providers : Relationships

https://www.toylikeme.org/

Working in partnership with parents and carers

Parents are informed about their child’s learning and progress. There are opportunities to review progress and plan together.

Home learning environment is supported. Parents/carers know where to access information on supporting language and communication, play ideas and activities and understanding child development.

Information on what and how children learn is shared with parents regularly.

All adults understand the importance of working in partnership with parents – valuing their input and knowledge of the child.

Any concerns about a child’s progress or development should be shared with parents. Feedback should include practical examples and concerns should be delivered in a tentative and sensitive manner. Concerns should not be shared at drop off or pick up time, or in front of other children or parents.

Parents know who to speak to when there have been changes at home or in the family (including bereavement).

Early Years Transition Webcast: Discussing individual needs with the SENCO | Nasen

Children's language development and parenting advice - BBC Tiny Happy People

Working with children, parents, carers and families | Nasen

hungry little minds

Lewisham Council - Moments that Matter

Staff knowledge and understanding/Continuous Professional Development

Early years setting has identified Special Educational Needs Co-ordinator (SENCO) and setting/SENCO:

  • understands how and when to refer to professionals
  • develops positive relationships with professionals, accessing support when needed and taking on advice and recommendations of specialists
  • adhere to statutory frameworks: EYFS Statutory Framework and SEND Code of Practice
  • accesses additional funding available – Inclusion funding, Disability Access Fund (DAF)

Practitioners aware of adverse childhood experiences (ACE’s), trauma and trauma informed practice and know how to access support if needed.

MHFA  training/mental health awareness training accessed and whole setting policy in place – supporting well-being.

Practitioners understand how children’s development and mental health are affected by various factors, including the environments they are raised in, the relationships they build and the experiences they have.

Setting prioritizes anti-racist practice, celebrates diversity and assesses and calls out unconscious bias when it occurs.

Practitioners should be aware of and reflect on how national data shows different outcomes for different racial groups and how these patterns may be present in their setting (for example, the disproportionately high numbers of boys of Black Caribbean heritage who are identified with behaviour needs and at risk of exclusion).

Staff are aware of children who may be at a disadvantage. Managers/leaders promote high expectations and monitor access and inclusion.

Staff understand child development and apply this knowledge in their assessments and planning for all children.

Staff trained in Autism Education Trust Level 1 & 2 delivered by Drumbeat ASD Outreach Team.

Staff have accessed specific training to meet the needs of the children in their care e.g. Makaton

Staff have accessed speech and language and other therapies training as relevant.

Staff have regular opportunities to reflect on their practice and experiences with other members of staff or with external professionals (such as through supervision)

If sensory needs [vision or hearing] are identified, that strategies are implemented, as recommended by the Sensory Teachers Team.

Adverse Childhood Experiences - NHS Health Scotland - YouTube

Understanding and promoting social and emotional wellbeing in young children | Nasen

Listening to every child | Nasen

What inclusion is and how to support it? | Nasen

NHS England – What are Healthcare Inequalities 

Early years child development training : Home page (education.gov.uk)

Drumbeat School and ASD Service - AET (drumbeatasd.org)

autism education trust framework documents

Speech and Language/Therapies training  brochure TBA

resources hearing to succeed and achieve #flipbook

Understanding behaviour

All staff understand behaviour is communication and have an inclusive, thoughtful approach to supporting regulation (including language and use of visual support) with children displaying behaviours that challenge/ are dis-regulated.

Staff set and maintain clear, predictable routines and boundaries. Rules and boundaries are reinforced positively and empathetically, without the use of punishment.

Staff understand the importance of their role as a child’s Key Person in supporting emotional regulation. Children need to develop safe, warm and trusting relationships in order to feel safe and to support emotional co-regulation.

Staff understand and use consistent empathetic responses with children displaying behaviours that challenge/ are dis-regulated.

Staff assess children’s needs and possible support, exploring in depth and discussing with parents deciding on approach, referrals etc.

Staff aware of their responsibilities in keeping children safe. Policies and procedures are reviewed regularly.

Use of adults/staff deployment is considered and regularly reviewed. Adults are deployed effectively to support children at key times e.g. transitions.

The setting uses tools and resources to support regulation e.g. Calming toolbox

All staff understand setting expectations around behaviour and have agreed systems and practices in place to support behaviour.

Staff understand that wider behaviour systems may not suit all children.

Children are aware of expectations and visual support is used to support learning in this area.

Managing challenging behaviour in early years settings - YouTube

Self-regulation – Birth To 5 Matters

Help for early years providers: Mental health for early years children

WHAT 'LOVE' LOOKS LIKE IN EARLY YEARS SETTINGS INCLUDING CHILDMINDERS WEBINAR (youtube.com)

Podcast: Inclusive Practice in Early Years Settings and Behaviour Support | Nasen

early years handbook print.pdf

Drumbeat School and ASD Service - Outreach Professional Workshops (drumbeatasd.org)

Enabling environments

Enabling environments

What’s expected as part of Ordinarily Available Provision Useful links to find out more or access resources on this area

Red/amber/green
Where are you as a setting?

Environment audits are used to support development and continuous improvement – continuously reviewed to ensure meeting needs of all learners.

Displays are meaningful, accessible, and appropriate; they represent the children and families.

Books and resources (such as visuals) in settings should be representative of our diverse community.

Children’s work and achievements should be displayed and updated regularly; the work of all children should be included.

Low arousal spaces are provided which have limited display (only those that are necessary), careful choice of colours, soft furnishings, resources.

The outdoor and indoor spaces are planned to meet needs and interests of children, demonstrating an understanding of child development.

Spaces provide opportunities for risk and challenge and are mindful of children’s different needs.

Spaces provide a range of multi-sensory experiences at different levels and in different ways e.g. children able to access ‘safe’ sensory experiences.

Environment is ‘communication-friendly’. Spaces are available for children to chat – book corners, snack tables etc. Toys and resources are labelled using words and visuals (photographs / symbols).

Environment is ‘sensory-friendly’, careful consideration is given to lighting, sounds, smells, displays etc.

Seating arrangements are made based on individual needs, allow children to access role models, additional adults, visual supports, calming spaces etc. when needed. Children with visual/auditory needs able to sit at front/opposite practitioner for group/story times. Children are able to engage in session/listen from another space.

Furniture and resources meet needs of all children e.g. tables have height adjustable legs/fixings. There is space around furniture to move.

Activities promote movement, balance and coordination. There is time, space and opportunity to be physically active.

Supportive emotional environment is available at all times – consider outdoor learning, trips and visits out of the setting, guests and visitors etc.

The setting is a visually supportive – routines and structure of the day is clear for all children; visual timetables are used with all adults consistently modelling. Instructions are clear and supported with visuals. Photos of staff and key adults they may see are available. Timers are used and children are taught sign for ‘finished’ to support understanding of transitions, turn-taking and routines.

The layout of the room/s is considered. Where children need consistency, room changes are kept to a minimum and layout is kept the same. When changes are made, children are given support to adjust.

The quality of the sound within rooms has been considered. (i.e. sticking soft pads on the bottom of chairs and table legs, using fabrics to reduce hard surfaces, improved ceiling tiles or acoustic clouds, etc.)

Furniture is the correct height for children. Adjustments are made so all children can access.

Size and shape of resources are considered and are developmentally appropriate e.g. mark-making equipment, scissors, cutlery etc.  are considered for children’s ages, needs and disabilities.

Sensory ‘toolboxes’ are provided for whole class/setting use and individualised as needed.

There are representational toys and equipment to represent additional needs.

Appropriate spaces are provided for sleep and rest.

Toilets and eating and drinking areas are carefully considered and provision around these areas supports children’s learning and growing independence in self-care e.g. appropriate cutlery is available for eating, equipment and resources are available to support children’s toileting routines.

Help for early years providers - Department for Education

EYO EYQ&IT audits TBA

Multi-cultural Books for Babies, Children and Adults | booklove (thisisbooklove.com)

Nursery Rhymes and Songs

Foundation Years vodcast on outdoor learning | From pregnancy to children aged 5

Planning for Physical Development in the outdoors (youtube.com)

Taking risks in play - Early Education (early-education.org.uk)

Making Sense of Your Sensory Behaviour - Falkirk Council Booklet | NHS GGC

Sensory processing difficulties | Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust (kentcht.nhs.uk)

A Better Start (ncb.org.uk)

Child health and development | NSPCC Learning

Drumbeat School and ASD Service - Early Years Support

Early years / EYFS teachers and early years practitioners - Resources for EYFS teachers on language development - BBC Tiny Happy People

Drumbeat School and ASD Service - Early Years Support

Help for early years providers: Toilet training

Learning and development

Learning and development

What’s expected as part of Ordinarily Available Provision Useful links to find out more or access resources on this area

Red/amber/green
Where are you as a setting?

There is provision for all 7 areas of learning. Practice and provision prioritise the prime areas of learning; Communication and language, Physical development and Personal, social and emotional development.

  • There is a balance of child-led and adult led experiences
  • Adults have awareness of the characteristics of learning and experiences, and interactions support this
  • Children’s learning is visible in the environment
  • Developmentally appropriate experiences are on offer
  • Children’s efforts and ideas are encouraged and respected
  • Practitioners can describe how they assess and plan for children’s needs and interests Practitioners can describe progress/talk about children’s starting points and the progress they have made
  • Opportunities are provided for children to access outdoor spaces daily. Where there is no outdoor space at the setting or outdoor spaces are restricted, outings and provision for physical development should be planned
  • Children demonstrate high levels of engagement and well-being
  • Developing independence is prioritised

Help for early years providers : Areas of learning (education.gov.uk)

Using the prime areas of learning to support young children with SEND | Nasen

Podcasts – Birth To 5 Matters

Early years child development training : Home page (education.gov.uk)

Birth To 5 Matters – Guidance by the sector, for the sector

Development Matters - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

Using Leuven Scales in the Early Years | Family

Prime areas of learning

Vocabulary is explicitly taught and planned into curriculum and children are given time/space to learn new vocabulary, as well as opportunities to practice this within setting provision and activities.

Visual supports are used to support all elements of teaching and learning e.g. use of objects, now and next, choice boards, individual visual timetables, whole class visual timetables, gesture and sign, story and song props, props for routines e.g. nappy/toilet symbol.

Language is clear and simple. Additional processing time is given to children. Practitioners check for understanding.

Instructions are broken down into simple steps and visuals, signs, props are used to support understanding e.g. (holding coat)”Put on your coat”.

Practitioners ensure they have the child’s/children’s attention before giving a verbal instruction.

Practitioners model words and phrases in functional contexts, e.g., “help me”, “I want…”, “Can I play?”

During carpet sessions, children are provided with sensory supports, e.g. fiddle toys, wobble cushion etc. and expectations are developmentally appropriate.

Children are prepared for changes to; the routine, the staff team, the spaces they use. Visuals, sounds and actions are used to support understanding.

Paired / small group work facilitated by an adult with a focus on encouraging active participation from all children in the group. Group games linked to children’s interests to increase motivation and engagement during peer interactions.

Carpet sessions/small group sessions have developmentally appropriate expectations and are exciting and engaging and are flexible dependent on a child’s age and stage.

Active learning is prioritised. Time/space for tummy time/laying on floor to play and work. Sensory circuits are planned and offered where relevant. Minimise activities/sessions that involve sitting down.

COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE WEBINAR (youtube.com)

Drumbeat School and ASD Service - Early Years Support (drumbeatasd.org)

Now and next boards (youtube.com) 

CBeebies | Something Special | Learn Makaton Signs (youtube.com) 

How to help your child understand the routine using a visual timetable and now/next board

EYSEND (speechandlanguage.org.uk)

Interactive Reading Webinar for EY (youtube.com)

Assessment

Practitioners understand the typical development of young children and can identify where there may be a concern.

Practitioners carryout Progress check at age 2.

Parents are involved in the progress check and are supported with home learning environment. 

Time is made for parents to talk with their key person as need arises and on a scheduled basis.

Assessments and observations are purposeful and do not reduce time practitioner spends with child.

Assessment is carried out for a purpose and is useful. Leaders are careful to monitor staff well-being around this.

There are opportunities for parents to contribute to their child’s learning journey/record and share learning experiences outside of the setting. Parents of children with SEND take part in planning and reviewing learning and progress as part of the graduated response.

Progress check at age 2 - GOV.UK

A Celebratory Approach to SEND Assessment in the Early Years | Pen Green Children's Centre

Child's Progress checker - Speech & Language UK

Help for early years providers : SEND assessment guidance and resources (education.gov.uk)

Tips and advice for children with additional speech and language needs and disabilities

Section 2.

Ordinarily Available Support for children in Lewisham settings.

In this section of the document, we look at the four areas of need as described in the SEND Code of Practice 2015.

These areas are:

Communication and Interaction Cognition and Learning
Social, Emotional and Mental Health Sensory and/or physical

Identifying SEND in young children is complex and it is important to have a robust system in place to allow early identification.  This can be achieved by using observation and assessment, parent/carer involvement and outside agencies or services who know the child. Gaining an understanding of a child’s strengths and needs will inform the practitioner of what area of need requires additional support to progress.

Once you have obtained this information you can begin the process of assess, plan, do, review. The SEN Code of Practice refers to this as a ‘graduated approach’, in Lewisham we use SEN Support plan/This is my plan to demonstrate how we are supporting a child with “provision that is different from or additional to what would ordinarily be available to children of the same age” (SEND COP 2015).

Section 1 of this document looks at how your provision can support all of the children attending your setting with reference to the ‘principles of the EYFS’.

This part of the document (Section 2) breaks down specific aspects within each area of the code of practice and provides a guide to what should already be happening in the early years as well as additional links to useful resources.  If you require advice with regards to how you implement the support strategies, please contact your Early Years Quality and Inclusion Team.

The information stated here is to act as guidance and you will most likely need to personalise further in order to meet individual needs of a child. You should allow adequate time to embed strategies ensuring that there is consistency with all practitioners working with the child and review regularly with parents/carers as part of your graduated approach.

Communication and Interaction
What you observe
Access
How you support
Plan and do
Observations / comments and resources
Review
Difficulties saying what they want to say and being understood
  • Model language, repeating back what they have said so that they hear a clear model
  • Allow time for child to process and respond. Slowing down your responses to encourage them to do the same
  • Use of a variety of language rich activities e.g. rhymes, songs, poems, pretend play
  • Support all attempts to speak/communicate
  • Provide opportunities to communicate
  • Use resources of interest to the child e.g. if child has special interest in rotation, find resources linked to this to encourage/initiate communication
  • Support verbal communication with visuals e.g. objects of reference, photos, symbols, Makaton, use of ICT
  • Reduce pressure to speak and provide alternative means of contribution such as; pictures and gestures
  • Small group or individual support sessions as advised by SLT

Tiny Happy People - Activities for 2-3 year olds

Activities for 3-4 year olds - Tiny Happy People

Language development activities for young children ages 4-5

Difficulties understanding what is being said to them
  • Consider how much information a child can process when giving instructions e.g. awareness of complexity of vocabulary and amount of information carrying words
  • Reduce language to meet the needs of the child. Use match plus one i.e. child says ‘car’ you say ‘fast car’
  • Provide visual prompts. For example; objects of reference, first and then boards, timetables, story and song props, list, sequence pictures etc. to support understanding
  • Give extra time to process what has been said
  • Think about the environment and limiting any distractions – sounds, light, smells etc.
  • Check you have engaged the child’s attention before talking to them; use their name first before giving them an instruction
  • Check that hearing has been tested
How can pictures help with children's communication? Tips for using pictures for language development - BBC Tiny Happy People
Difficulty with social communication and developing relationships
  • Create opportunities for role-play scenarios using puppets, action figures or dolls to practice and understand different social situations
  • Develop turn-taking games initially with key person, then inviting chosen friend to join. Play games that involve turn-taking, such as board games or simple activities like rolling a ball back and forth
  • Provide opportunities for supported play with a familiar adult, then another child e.g playing with kitchen set/role-play
  • Allow child to lead play, offering a few options and allowing them to express their preferences
  • Encourage parallel play, where child plays alongside peer or adult without interaction
  • Gradually developing comfort with social engagement
  • Giving support to respond to conflict in relationships and resolve difficult situations
  • Giving support to develop understanding of emotions of child and peers
  • Using Now and Next boards. First (you are doing this) and Next (you are doing that) boards

How babies use actions & gestures to communicate - BBC Tiny Happy People

EYSEND (speechandlanguage.org.uk)

Sensory and physical needs relating to communication and interaction
  • Staff are aware that for some children, a sensory or physical disability could impact on their learning language and social interaction
  • Staff understand the importance of supporting children to understand their sensory needs and to begin to develop self-regulation strategies
  • Implement strategies and programs on the advice of relevant professionals, e.g. Early Years Quality & Inclusion Team, Speech & Language Therapy Team, Drumbeat Early Years Outreach Team
  • Support for social interactions during unstructured time e.g. free choice/free flow
  • Play outside where different opportunities are available e.g swinging, climbing, moving/transporting resources

Speech therapy ideas for visually impaired kids - BBC Tiny Happy People

Helping your Deaf Baby or Child to develop Language & Communication - BBC Tiny Happy People

Proprioceptive | Essex Partnership University NHS Trust

Vestibular | Essex Partnership University NHS Trust


Cognition and Learning
What you observe
Access
How you support
Plan and do
Observations / comments and resources
Review
Difficulties when learning across areas of development
  • Use children’s interests to personalise visual aids and activities to encourage participation e.g., Thomas the tank engine ‘wait’ card
  • Develop attention through engaging activities that motivate child/children
  • Move to less distracting area, provide spaces/places away from busy main areas
  • Use fidget/special toy to distract
  • Have visual aids available that the child may choose to use, e.g. choice boards, communication boards, symbols
  • Encourage communication by sabotage (by putting things out of reach)
  • Use Attention Box/Treasure Box/What’s in the Bag activities to encourage the child to participate in shared attention activities
  • Use Intensive Interaction approaches by joining the child in their world such as copying the child’s actions and appropriate vocalisations, being led by the child
  • Use a signal to begin and end an activity for example tidy up song, or instrument and use timers to indicate how long activity is or when it’s about to finish
  • Minimise sitting down activities
  • Build relationships to form trust and attachment with the child’s key person. Once the child is comfortable playing reciprocally with a trusted adult, gradually introduce peers into structured play that matches the child’s interests
  • Observe triggers and patterns, reflect on reason (banging door when carer leaves may represent being upset at them leaving)
  • Use different ways to acknowledge what the child is doing, thumbs up, smiling, gentle touch, investigate what level they are comfortable with
  • Explore teaching strategies e.g backward chaining, small steps and achievable goals approach.

Intensive interactions

Building attention skills in children: THE BUCKET! - YouTube

How to do Intensive Interaction - the principles of the approach

Autism - how does Intensive Interaction help people with ASD?

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pNZAqQzVEx0

Intensive Interaction - YouTube

Communication and interaction - South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EppQXyI5FX0

EYSEND (speechandlanguage.org.uk)


Social, Emotional and Mental Health
What you observe
Access
How you support
Plan and do
Observations / comments and resources
Review

Desire to follow own agenda/ Only follow own agenda

 

Displaying behaviours that may reflect:

Anxiety

  • Low self esteem
  • Poor attachment
  • Presenting as significantly unhappy or stressed
  • Traumatic bereavement
  • Give children choices so that they feel like an active agent. For example, use choice boards so that the child can express what they want to do first, what drink they would like at snack time, what they would like to do afterwards etc. The choices can be objects, photos, pictures or symbols.
  • Consistent messages but flexible approach
  • Reasonable adjustments are made
  • Child supported by an attuned adult who can find optimal moments when the child is calm and settled to enter and extend their play.
  • Explore and try to understand the basis for the behaviour and recognise that behaviour is a method of communication (Use of STAR/ABC chart to explore the purpose of the behaviour and what the child is trying to communicate)
  • Consideration of the timetable and transitions
  • Supported transitions
  • Explore the sensory needs of the child
  • Explore communication needs of the child
  • Support child with co-regulation, working towards self-regulation
  • Have a safe space for children to regulate
  • Risk assessment – do we need this/something else e.g safety plan?
  • Communication with home/family e.g. what is going on at home, other agencies’ involvement?
  • Seek advice, follow recommendations of educational psychology service.
  • Focus on reducing anxiety and thereby behaviours
  • Positive reinforcement of expectations through verbal scripts and visual prompts
  • Calming scripts to de-escalate, including for example, ‘I can see you are feeling angry’
Difficulties accepting / following adult direction
  • Look for patterns and triggers to identify what may be causing behaviours
  • Positive scripts - positive language to re-direct, reinforce expectations e.g. use of others as role models
  • Calming scripts to de-escalate, including for example, ‘I can see you are feeling angry’
  • Limited choices to engage and motivate
  • Visual timetable/supports and use of visual cues e.g. sand timers to support turn-taking
EYSEND (speechandlanguage.org.uk)

Sensory and/or physical
What you observe
Access
How you support
Plan and do
Observations / comments and resources
Review
For a child who is deaf/hard of hearing
  • Speak clearly at appropriate volume. Do not shout, use normal pace and pitch
  • Use the child’s name to get their attention, or wave or tap them if necessary
  • Speak at the child’s level so that they can see your face
  • Set clear communication rules for all children and adults
  • If the child has hearing aids/cochlear implants, ensure they are working and worn consistently
  • Do not speak to the child with your back turned or when walking around
  • Use deaf friendly resources such as story books and toys
  • Use signed stories and songs for all children to learn
  • Employ and train staff with appropriate BSL skills when required
  • Reduce unnecessary background noise
  • Position the child at the front/ close to the teacher/speaker leading the session
  • Position the child away from internal and external noise sources for example, projectors, fans, lights etc
  • Ensure the area is well lit
  • For groups, use a horseshoe formation to give a clear view of any speaker
  • Provide quiet places for language and listening activities
  • Consider using additional listening technology as advised by Sensory Teachers Team
  • Use carpets and curtains. Add soft furnishings where possible to limit echoes. Line construction trays/boxes with carpet tiles or felt to reduce noise level. (Be aware that that children who wear hearing aids/ cochlear implants suffer in noisy, echoing spaces)

BSL is the language of the deaf and should be used to support children who are deaf/hard of hearing.

Makaton is visual communication aid to support children with communication and language delays and should only be used if advised by advisory teachers.

Deaf Support | Lewisham Services for Schools

Early years education | Information for professionals (ndcs.org.uk)

Our children's storybooks | Parenting a deaf child (ndcs.org.uk)

Playtime ideas for deaf children | Deaf-friendly ideas for games (ndcs.org.uk)

Early communication skills | Assessments for deaf children (ndcs.org.uk)

hearing to succeed and achieve

For a child with a vision impairment
  • Ensure that all staff working with the child are familiar with the recommendations of the VI Teacher
  • Introduce yourself by name each time you approach the child and when you leave the child.
  • Position the child at the front for stories, demonstrations and carpet time activities with access to see/explore the activities.
  • Staff should check with the child that s/he can see what s/he is being asked to look at.
  • Use appropriate language and positional language to comment about events that the child may not see clearly
  • Use all the children’s names before giving instructions or asking questions
  • Provide additional direct experience of objects that the child may not be able to observe
  • Provide play with real objects brightly coloured/tactile equipment in contrast to play surface and in ball games use of modified equipment e.g. bell balls, brightly coloured textured balls etc.
  • Present activities on a plain uncluttered background on tables.
  • Provide additional practice to develop physical skills, with opportunities to pre-learn new skills presented
  • Use consistent daily routines
  • Ensure that the child with vision impairment has access to the same activities and opportunities as their fully sighted peers
  • Help the child locate his/her friends when in the outside area as they will be more difficult to see due to a larger, crowded space and different light levels
  • On displays, place the child’s work at his/her eye level
  • Support the child to explore resources available before expecting them to choose: a child with VI should have own resources/equipment enabling time for exploration and then choice
  • Consider providing a safe ‘home base’ within the main room at first
  • Remove or reduce unnecessary background noise
  • Use blinds to control light and glare from sunlight
  • Ensure good light levels and provide task lighting if recommended
  • Keep the layout of the room consistent and clutter free

Vision Impairment | Lewisham Services for Schools

Let's play! | RNIB

Early years support for children with vision impairment | RNIB | RNIB

Learning through play | Guide Dogs

Nursery rhyme songbook | Guide Dogs

CFVI: Curriculum Framework for Children and Young People with Vision Impairment | RNIB | RNIB

Reasonable adjustments: reasonable adjustments in schools england fa.pdf

For a child with a multisensory impairment
  • Ensure that you know the communication preferences of the child and family
  • Depending on the communication preferences, seek training and/or support to use the chosen approach. This could be objects of reference, gestures, symbols, pictures, photos, tactile symbols, signs (Makaton (if advised) or British Sign Language), speech or AAC (augmentative and alternate communication)
  • Introduce yourself by name each time you approach the child and when you leave the child
  • Be very close to the child when talking to them
  • If the child has hearing aids/cochlear implants, ensure they are working and worn consistently
  • If the child has glasses ensure they worn consistently and kept clean (especially after eating/messy play), use role play to support a child to wear their glasses, make small spectacles for dolls and soft toys
  • Keep consistent routines to help children with MSI to make sense of what they are experiencing
  • Give the child time to communicate/ make responses.
  • Allow extra time at activities
  • Encourage participation by touching, smelling, or tasting and body movement.
  • Provide opportunities to explore objects by using feet. (Allow shoes and socks off)
  • Provide a good level of even light. If the child must move between brightly and dimly lit areas, give them time to adjust
  • Where possible, use contrasting (i.e., light, and dark) colours to distinguish different areas, for example, doors from walls
  • Avoid clutter in spaces used
  • Reduce background noise as much as possible. (This will make it much easier for the child to use any hearing they have)
  • Use carpets and curtains to deaden echoes in rooms. (Be aware that that children who wear hearing aids/ cochlear implants suffer in noisy, echoing spaces)

BSL is the language of the deaf and should be used to support children with hearing impairment. Makaton is visual communication aid to support children with communication and language delays and should only be used if advised by advisory teachers.

Sensory Teachers Team | Lewisham Services for Schools

EYONLINE Steps referral LINK

Getting children to wear hearing aids and cochlear implants (ndcs.org.uk)

Toolkit: Making play inclusive - Sense

For a child with a physical impairment
  • Ensure that activities which motivate the child are positioned so that the child can move to these with ease given the appropriate support from an adult or other support as needed
  • As the child’s confidence and skills build move the toys etc. into different places
  • Use a blanket or mat to play on and move toys around so that the child must reach out for them, avoid causing any distress
  • Carefully position props such as furniture and things to hold onto and lean on
  • Use a range of different body positions when exploring their environment and when playing and moving from one position to another. For example, tummy time, propping on forearms, four-point kneeling, reaching in front, behind, to the sides to interact and play, playing while kneeling
  • Plan activities which involve moving from one position to another for example, sitting on a block to standing, moving from high kneeling to standing, cruising between furniture to standing
  • Use simple yoga poses, games like ‘Simon say’s to model different positions, use parachute games to encourage different ways of moving, standing
  • Carry out regular audits of indoor and outdoor spaces to ensure individual children’s safety and access to opportunities, equipment and resources can be met
  • Specialist equipment may be needed to support physical, postural, or functional needs
  • Tables/stands at adjustable heights
  • Play games and use songs to help support the development of body awareness – for example, ‘Head, shoulders, knees, and toes’, ‘When you’re happy and you know it’
  • Use stories and encourage the children to join in with movements for example, ‘We’re Going on a Bear Hunt’
  • Use simple obstacle courses in familiar spaces, support the child to move under, around, through, step into and out of
  • Encourage children to show/tell each other how to get into and out of boxes, tunnels etc.
  • Provide opportunities to develop balance and coordination using, rockers, see-saws, push along, ride on toys
  • Encourage children to use equipment they can be on with other children, for example, being pushed or pulled in a trailer behind a toy
  • Use different sized ‘Physio’ balls for children to lay over and balance with their feet and hands
  • Use wobble/balance boards for children to experiment with, sitting, kneeling, ,standing, as appropriate to the child's ability

Activities for babies, toddlers and kids: Fun games to help development and bonding - BBC Tiny Happy People

Helping under-5s live active and healthy lives — Early Movers

The Early Years Movement Hub | Association of Paediatric Chartered Physiotherapists (csp.org.uk)

Lewisham Council - Aids, adaptations and equipment for children and young people with SEND

Children’s Community Physiotherapy | Lewisham and Greenwich

Occupational Therapy Team | Lewisham and Greenwich

Download the OAP document